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Citation Guide: APA vs MLA vs Chicago — When to Use Which

Published 2026-03-16 · edu0.ai Team

Your professor said 'use APA format' and you have no idea what that means? Here's the guide.

APA 7th Edition

Used in: Psychology, social sciences, education, nursing. In-text: (Author, Year). Bibliography: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Publisher. DOI. Key rule: Use past tense for research descriptions ('Smith (2024) found that...').

MLA 9th Edition

Used in: English, literature, humanities, philosophy. In-text: (Author Page). Bibliography: Author. Title. Publisher, Year. Key rule: No title page required. Use present tense for literary analysis ('Hamlet shows...').

Chicago 17th Edition

Used in: History, business, fine arts. Two styles: Notes-Bibliography (footnotes) and Author-Date. The footnote style is most common: a superscript number in text + full citation at the bottom of the page.

Common Mistakes

Mixing citation styles in one paper. Missing DOIs for online sources. Incorrect capitalization (APA: only first word capitalized; MLA: all major words capitalized). Not including access dates for web sources (Chicago requires them).

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